Herbs , 4-16.5 cm. Leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate or linear, 2.2-11.5 cm. Inflorescences: scape 1.8-12.8 cm. Flowers: sepals faintly or distinctly 3-5-veined, scarious margins narrow or absent; petal claw 1-2 times as long as blade. Heads of achenes 16-50 × 1-3 mm, exserted beyond leaves. Achenes: outer face narrowly rhombic to elliptic or oblong, 0.8-1.4 × 0.2-0.6 mm, 1.5-5 times as high as wide, not bordered; beak 0.05-0.4 mm, 0.05-0.3 as long as body of achene, parallel to outer face of achene, heads of achenes thus appearing smooth. 2 n =16. Flowering spring (Mar-Jun). Wet fields, vernal pools, banks of streams and lakes; 0-3000 m; Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Sask.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.Mex., N.C., N.Dak., Okla., Oreg., Pa., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Va., Wash., Wyo.; Mexico (Baja California); Europe; swAsia; nAfrica. Plants of Myosurus minimus from a few sites in coastal southern California, northern Baja California, and immediately west of Riley, Oregon, sometimes have short scapes, so that the heads of achenes are immersed in the leaves. These plants, which have been called M . minimus subsp. apus (Greene) G. R. Campbell, M . minimus var. apus Greene, or M . clavicaulis M. E. Peck are indistinguishable from some recombinant lines found in M . minimus × sessilis hybrid swarms (see discussion under M . sessilis ), but they occur outside the current range of M . sessilis . D. E. Stone (1959) has suggested that they resulted from past hybridization between the two species, perhaps at a time when M . sessilis had a wider range than it does now. The Navaho-Ramah used Myosurus minimus medicinally to apply to antbites (D. E. Moerman 1986).
Scape 3-15 cm; lvs linear or nearly so, the blade scarcely differentiated; sep yellowish-green, the blade 3(-5)-nerved, narrowly oblong, 3-5 mm, the spur 1.5-2 mm; pet about equaling the sep; spike of pistils 5-10 mm, elongating to as much as 6 cm in fr; achenes 2.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, shortly beaked; 2n=16. Moist soil; circumboreal, in Am. chiefly western, extending e. to s. Ont., Ky., and even Va. Apr.-June.
Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.
Duration: Annual Nativity: Native Lifeform: Forb/Herb General: Native annual; 2-18 cm tall; stems generally leafless. Leaves: Filiform to linear; 2-8 cm long. Flowers: In spikes 1-6 cm long; sepals 5, 1-4 mm, spurred; petals 5, 1.5-3 mm, whitish. Fruits: Achenes Ecology: Wet areas from 3,000-7,000 ft (914-2134 m); flowers March-April. Distribution: Throughout N. Amer., in every state in the U.S execpt in UT, FL, WV; south to n MEX.; also in Europr and Australia. Notes: This small annual has spikes of tiny flowers with spurred sepals and 5 whitish petals. Ethnobotany: Chewed plant poultice is used by Navajo for ant bites. Etymology: Myosurus translates to mouse- tail, pertaining to receptacle when mature, while minimus means least or smallest. Synonyms: Myosurus clavicaulis, M. lepturus, M. minimus var. apus, M. minimus subsp. apus, M. minimus var. clavicaulis, M. minimus var. filiformis, M. minimus var. interior, M. minimus var. lepturus, M. minimus var. major, M. minimus subsp. major Editor: SBuckley 2010, FSCoburn 2015