Roots tuberous-thickened; stems stout, to 1 m or more, densely short-hairy and ±hirsute; stipules lanceolate to semi-ovate; principal lfls of the larger lvs 5-13, lanceolate to elliptic or narrowly obovate, coarsely serrate, glabrous, scabrellous, or sparsely pubescent above, velvety-pubescent beneath; axis of the infl densely short-pubescent; mature hypanthium campanulate, 2.5-3 mm, minutely strigose in the deep furrows, also ±beset with short stiff ascending hairs, especially below. Dry, open woods; Me. to Mich. and se. S.D., s. to N.C., Ga., and Okla.
Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.
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