Colonial by rhizomes, loosely erect, 1.5-3(-4) dm; cauline lvs very numerous, crowded, linear, 1-3 cm נ1-3 mm, 1-nerved, those subtending the umbel similar, those of the umbel broadly cordate; rays of the umbel usually 10 or more; fr 3 mm, seldom produced, slightly granular-roughened; seeds plump, smooth, 1.5-2 mm; 2n=20, 40. Native of Eurasia, commonly established in our range in roadsides, waste ground, and cemeteries; Me. to Wash., s. to Va. and Ark. Apr.-July. (Tithymalus c.; Galarhoeus c.)
Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.